jiéjiān bǎnzhàng 截間版帳

Note

Literally meaning "bay-dividing plank partition" (Kroll 2016), scholars generally agree that jiejian banzhang 截間版帳 is a room dividing partition, and some scholars believe that it is a partition specifically running perpendicular to the main roof ridge (Zhao 2005, 102). The term is only found in Yingzao fashi 營造法式 (1103; Li 2009, 6.6a), and is considered to be a type of xiaomuzuo 小木作 (fine carpentry or joinery). According to the description in the Yingzao fashi, jiejian banzhang is six to ten feet high and is composed of planks or boards (ban 版) and covering strips (yatou hufeng 牙頭護縫), which can be used on both sides of the board. These components are fixed by a board casing (nanzi 難子) between the columns. If the jiejian banzhang is more than seven feet high, column-top-ties (e’fu 額栿) along with posts (tuanzhu 摶柱), and a waist bar (yaochuan 腰串) should be added to the framework. If its width is wider (or deeper) than usual, a bay muntin (qianzhu 槏柱) should also be added.

Before the Song Dynasty, the term jiejian banzhang was related to the use of fabric partitioning within interior decoration. Three major scholars have examined the meaning of the term jiejian banzhang: Liang Sicheng, Takeshima Takuichi, and Pan Guxi (梁 2001, 180；Takashima 1997, 234-241; Pan 2005, 121). In their work we see that the use of word zhang 帳 seems to indicate the relationship between wooden and fabric room partitions. Yet, among all the xiaomuzuo joinery types in the Yingzao fashi that include the word zhang, jiejian banzhang is the only one that is a vertical plane partition, and it is thus different from other types, such as Buddhist and Daoist statuary niches （Fo-Dao zhang 佛道帳), which are fully enclosed spaces resembling miniature buildings. The Han dynasty text Shiming 釋名, by Liu Xi 劉熙 explains that a zhang is a bed canopy which was shaped like a dou 斗 (an ancient rice measuring container or dipper, such as the "northern dipper" 北斗 constellation Ursa Major), turned upside-down (fudou 覆斗).“帳，張也，張施於牀上也，小帳曰斗，形如覆斗也。” Here, the meaning of zhang is clear: it is similar to other types of enclosed, "partitioned," spaces, such as Buddhist and Daoist statuary niches, which have their own roofs and provide shelter for sculpture or other objects. From the Tang Dynasty onwards zhang was known to have multiple meanings. In addition to an enclosed structure, another meaning of “zhang” was a type of vertical fabric partition, similar to wei 帷. 5

截間版帳，學者們一般認爲它是以木制作的室內隔斷，有些則認爲特指進深方向的隔斷（趙 2005, 102）。這一術語在古代文獻中，僅見於宋《營造法式》（1103; 李 2009, 6.6a）。根據《營造法式》的定義，它由木版、內外並施的牙頭、護縫構成，並用難子固定於柱間，高度六至十尺。如果它的高度達七尺以上，則需增加額栿、槫柱及腰串作為框架。如果它的寬度（進深）較一般廣，則需增立槏柱。 有三位學者對截間版帳進行過復原（梁 2001, 180；竹島 1997, 234-241; 潘 2005, 121）。 截間版帳這一術語體現出宋代室內裝修中殘留的早期的室內織物分隔的影響。“帳”字的使用暗示這一以木制作的室内隔断與織物的關系（張 2001, 70-71；潘 2005, 120-122；趙 2005, 102）。此外，在《營造法式》所有以“帳”命名的小木作中，截間版帳是惟一一個垂直的面狀隔斷，有別於自身呈圍合狀，有頂而且具有內部空間的各類帳，如佛道帳等。從歷史文獻推斷，“帳”本意為自身围合、内部带有空间的織物構造（劉, 6.44b）；表示垂直隔斷的字為“帷”（鄭 et al. 1934, 19.3a）。很可能至唐，“帳”已有與“帷”同為一意的情況：唐·李善等註的《文選》：“羅帳，羅帷也”（蕭 et al. 1919, 31.4b）。 在梁·顧野王撰，宋·陸彭年重修的《玉篇》中對帳釋義：“帷也，張也，幬也。”[ctext文庫中的《玉篇》查無此句]（顧 1013, 28.2a），即“帳”可兼具垂直面狀隔斷與圍合的兩層含義。5

Related concepts

間屏風骨

殿內截間格子

佛道帳

九脊小帳

牙腳帳

壁帳

Broad Match: architectural ornament