dīngfú 丁栿
https://architecturasinica.org/keyword/k000017Note
T-beams run parallel to the roof ridge and form a "T" shape with cross beams perpendicular to the roof ridge. In traditional Chinese timber-frame architecture, the dingfu refers to cross beams used on the gable sides of a building with a hip and gable roof (jiuji 九脊 or xialiangtou 廈兩頭; later xieshan 歇山) or the "hip" side of a building with a hip roof (Song dynasty si'e 四阿 or Qing dynasty wudian 廡殿). In historical texts, we have only found this technical term used in the Yingzao fashi (e.g. Chapter 5, 7b). Modern architectural historians use this term to describe cross beams on the gable sides of buildings dating from the Tang to the early Ming dynasties.
丁栿指四阿(即清代廡殿)或廈兩頭及九脊(即清代歇山)房屋山面承屋蓋用的梁,與進深方向的梁在平面上成"丁"字形。丁栿僅見於宋《營造法式》(1103,故宫藏抄本 5.7b)。現代學者將之用於對唐(618-907)至明(1368-1644)初建築物的描述。
Note (full)
丁栿指四阿(即廡殿)和廈兩頭或九脊 (即歇山)房屋山面的梁,與進深方向的梁在平面上成"丁"字形。丁栿僅見於宋《營造法式》(初刊於崇寧二年,1103年)。現代學者將之用於對唐至明初建築物的描述。 梁思成在《營造法式註釋》中認為"丁栿梁首由外檐鋪作承托,梁尾搭在檐栿上,與檐栿(在平面上)構成"丁"字形。"(梁思成,1983:152)陳明達的定義與之相似:"四阿或廈兩頭房屋,承山面屋蓋所用大梁,與橫向屋架上的大梁成丁字相疊壘,故名'丁栿'"。但陳明達的解釋未強調梁首由外檐鋪作承托(陳明達,2010:13)。同樣有學者認為"丁栿應不僅限於山面檐步,凡用於山面的與正身梁栿丁字相交的縱向梁栿都可謂之丁栿。"(賈洪波,2010:93)江南地區宋元時期井字形構架的建築,山面梁栿和順身梁栿一樣尾部插入中心柱中,在這方面有重要研究的一些學者仍以乳栿稱之。(圖)(張十慶,2015)但也有發明"丁乳栿"一詞稱呼該類構件的個例(張亞宣,2017)。
Works Cited
Any information without attribution has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines.
- 1 GUO. 2002. A Visual Dictionary of Chinese Architecture, 32.
- 2 李. 2009. 營造法式 (1103; 故宫藏抄本); 梁. 1983. 《營造法式》註釋卷上, 152.; 陳. 2010. 《營造法式》辭解, 13.
- 3 FU. 2017. Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays, 353.; GUO. 2002. A Visual Dictionary of Chinese Architecture, 32.
Broad Match: building frame
How to Cite This Entry
Bibliography:
ZHUGE Jing 諸葛净 et al., “ 丁栿 dīngfú.” In Architectura Sinica, edited by Tracy Miller. Entry published May 20, 2019. https://architecturasinica.org/keyword/k000017.About this Entry
Entry Title: 丁栿 dīngfú
Authorial and Editorial Responsibility:
- Tracy Miller, editor, Architectura Sinica
- ZHUGE Jing 諸葛净, associate editor, Architectural Terminology
- ZHUGE Jing 諸葛净 and CHEN Luxi 陳麓西, entry contributors, “ 丁栿 dīngfú”
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- Initial research and revision by ZHUGE Jing 諸葛净, CHEN Luxi 陳麓西
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- Data entry and revision by Yuh-Fen Benda
- Revising title statement by SUN Zheng 孫正
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