yǐngzuò 影作

Note

Seen in the Yingzao fashi (1103 CE), specifically in the text (Chapter 14) and plates (Chapter 34) concerning the polychrome painting works (caihuazuo 彩畫作), yingzuo refers to images of bracket-blocks (sometimes emerging from painted lotus blossoms) with a “neck” and two “feet” (sometimes decorated with floral motifs), painted on the wall surface above the forehead tie beams (eshangbi 額上壁 or gongyanbi 栱眼壁).

In current art historical and archaeological scholarship, the term has a broader meaning that described in the Yingzao fashi, and is often used to describe painted representations of timber-framed architecture, such as that found in tombs, cave temples, and reliquary chambers.

主要見於《營造法式》（1103年）卷十四“彩畫作制度”及卷三十四“彩畫作制度圖樣”中，指在額上壁或栱眼壁內所繪的一類具有特定形式的彩畫：從上至下包括枓、項子、兩腳（可繪成翻卷華葉的樣式）等部分，項子之上或可繪出“蓮花”承枓。

現代學術寫作中，“影作”也常脫離其在《營造法式》中的含義，用來泛指摹繪木構結構的繪畫形式，並與“木構”、“仿木”等詞連用，成為墓葬考古、墓葬美術論著中的習慣用語。

Related concepts

影栱 yǐnggǒng

扶壁栱 fúbìgǒng

影作木構 yǐngzuò mùgòu

Note (full)

The compound "yingzuo" rarely appears in historical literature. The use of "yingzuo" is similar to the terms: "yingshen”（影身; lit. shadow body), "yingtang”（影堂 lit. shadow hall), "yingdeng” (影燈 lit. shadow lamp), and "yingbi”（影壁 lit. shadow wall). The commonality here is that they are all related to painted representations. "Yingshen" indicates portraits, and "yingtang" expresses a place where images of the ancestors were worshiped or a place where the Buddha's image was painted. “Yingdeng is a lantern painted with depictions of people and flowers. The term "yingzuo" appears in Chapter 14 of the Yingzao fashi in the polychrome painting works system (caihuazuo zhidu 彩畫作制度) in the sections on the application of green/blue and cinnabar (vermillion)/white pigments（jielü zhuangshi wushe 解綠裝飾屋舍; danfen shuashi wushe 丹粉刷饰屋舍), and shows how ren (人)-shaped bracket arms could be painted on the beam above the lintel (e shang bi 额上壁) or on the wall between the bracket arms (gongyan bi 拱眼壁) （YZFS 14.8a-11a).

“影作”一詞在歷史文獻中鮮有出現。涉及到“影”字的相關詞語例如“影身”“影堂”“影燈”“影壁”，這些詞所描述事物的共同點在於均和繪畫相關，“影身”表示畫像，“影堂”表示供奉祖先畫像的地方或者佛祖畫像的地方，影燈表示繪有人物、花卉等的彩燈。“影作”一詞出現在《營造法式》卷十四彩畫作制度裡的解綠裝飾屋舍、丹粉刷飾屋舍條目下，表示在額上壁或栱眼壁上繪出形如人字栱紋樣的彩畫。

Broad Match: bracketing