jìxīnzào 計心造

https://architecturasinica.org/keyword/k000023

Terms

  • jixinzao (Pinyin without tones)
  • 計心造 (Traditional Chinese)
  • 计心造 (Simplified Chinese)
  • jìxīnzào (Pinyin)4
  • chi-hsin-tsao (Wade-Giles)
  • accounted heart (English)1
  • filled heart (English)2
  • crisscross projection (English)3
  • jì xīn zào (Pinyin)
  • jixin zao (Pinyin without tones)1

Note

    Jixinzao 計心造, or jixin 計心 for short, is an architectural term describing bracket-sets (dougong 斗栱) composed of henggong 橫栱 installed above the extending huagong 華栱 or ang . The henggong is positioned perpendicular to the huagong or ang and parallel to the wall plane. In premodern sources, the term jixinzao appears only in Yingzao fashi (1103; Li Jie 2009, 4.5a, 4.9b,17.2b, 18.1a, 30.6a, etc.). As a verb, ji 計 means “to calculate” or “add (up),” while as a noun, xin 心 means “center” or “heart.” Thus “jixin” can mean to “add (a bracket arm)” through the “center” of a bearing block located above an outward projecting bracket arm or ang (tiao ). Xu Bo’an 徐伯安 proposed that "quan jixin zao 全計心造" ("complete jixin construction") should be used to to describe the method of installing henggong on each projecting step of bracket arm. The term “jixinzao” would then be used to describe the method of installing henggong only on select projecting bracket arms in a larger bracket set (Xu 1985).5

    計心造是描述斗栱做法的建築術語,可簡稱為計心,指在華栱頭上安放橫栱,即與華栱或昂垂直相交、平行於建築屋身方向的栱的做法。計心造在歷史文獻中僅見於《營造法式》(1103; 李誡 2009,4.5a,4.9b,17.2b,18.1a,30.6a等)。“計”作為動詞,有“計算,計數”的意思。“心”作為名詞,有“中心,中央”的意思。徐伯安曾提出可以用“全計心造”描述每跳上均安橫栱的斗栱做法,用“計心造”描述某一跳上安橫栱的做法(徐 1985)。5

Related Concepts

Works Cited

Any information without attribution has been created following the Syriaca.org editorial guidelines.

  • 1 LIANG. 2005. Chinese architecture: a pictorial history, 189.Link to Zotero Bibliographic Record
  • 2 FENG. 2012. Chinese Architecture and Metaphor: Song Culture in the Yingzao Fashi Building Manual, 151.Link to Zotero Bibliographic Record
  • 3 GUO. 2002. A Visual Dictionary of Chinese Architecture, 50.Link to Zotero Bibliographic Record
  • 4 陳. 2010. 《營造法式》辭解, 257.Link to Zotero Bibliographic Record
  • 5 李. 2009. 營造法式 (1103; 故宫藏抄本), 4.5a,4.9b,17.2b,18.1a,30.6a.Link to Zotero Bibliographic Record; 徐. 1985.12. 《营造法式》斗拱型制解疑、探微Link to Zotero Bibliographic Record

Broad Match: bracketing

How to Cite This Entry

SUN Xiaoqian 孫曉倩 et al., “ 計心造 jìxīnzào” in Architectura Sinica last modified July 12, 2024, https://architecturasinica.org/keyword/k000023.

Bibliography:

SUN Xiaoqian 孫曉倩 et al., “ 計心造 jìxīnzào.” In Architectura Sinica, edited by Tracy Miller. Entry published March 21, 2018. https://architecturasinica.org/keyword/k000023.

About this Entry

Entry Title: 計心造 jìxīnzào

Authorial and Editorial Responsibility:

  • Tracy Miller, editor, Architectura Sinica
  • ZHUGE Jing 諸葛净, associate editor, Architectural Terminology
  • SUN Xiaoqian 孫曉倩 and WANG Sijuanyi 王絲絹逸, entry contributors, “ 計心造 jìxīnzào

Additional Credit:

  • Website coordination: Yuh-Fen Benda
  • Peer review: ATTCAT 2023
  • English proofreading: Aurelia Campbell Tracy Miller
  • Chinese proofreading: ZHUGE Jing 諸葛净 ZUO Lala 左拉拉
  • Editing, proofreading, data entry and revision: Tracy Miller
  • Data entry: YAN Yiyang 嚴一洋

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